نشریه جامعه شناسی سیاسی ایران
پیاپی 4 (زمستان 1397)

The land division policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran immediately became the agenda of sovereign institutions immediately after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. The necessity of making fundamental changes in the state of land and land use in the country, the focus of the slogans of the revolution on social justice, and the demands of the villagers to change land management were among the factors that led to this issue being taken into consideration. This process, which began in 1979 and has continued with ups and downs and it had consequences in political space of villages and consequently the country. This article is the result of an innovative and genuine research that has been used for the purpose of gathering data through a deep interviewing method. In this approach, the data about political consequences of land reform were collected by referring to the elites who either worked in the 7-person delegation of land during the early revolution or involved in the land legislation in Islamic Republic of Iran. In the next step AHP method (hierarchical analysis), which is used more than the other methods in management, was used. Therefore, a new edited questionnaire was given to the elites and political consequences of land division in Islamic Republic of Iran were prioritized.

The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was revised in 1989. The question of this research is what the dominant discourses on this revision are and on what elements they focused. Reforms seem to be the result of rivalry between the Islamic leftist and rightist discourses. Islamic leftist, believed in velayat-e faghih, was trying to find a balance between the republicanism and Islamism of system and they also believed in propositions such as the impossibility of dissolving the parliament by the leadership, timing the course of leadership, the divine-people legitimacy of the government, the leader’s responsibility to people, coordination of the powers by the president, and opposition to leader’s delegate. While the Islamic rightist believed in Velayat-e Motlaghe faqih and define republicanism under Islamism Therefore, they believed in propositions such as the dissolution of the parliament, the dismissal of the president, opposition to the timing of leadership period, the divine basi3s legitimacy of the government, and the presence and involvement of a leadership delegate in executive bodies. The purpose of this study is to identify the dominant discourses on the constitution revision of Iran in 1989 based on the method of discourse analysis.

The press appeared after Abbas Mirza’s modernization efforts and the Iranian students returning home from Europe. The first newspaper published in Mohammad Shah‘s time and after issuing the constitutional decree the Internal newspaper except the newspapers in exile  praised the Shah's orders and published news of the court. Therefore, in this research press is called the monarchy (courtier) political system in Iran. The constitutionalism order and fights for it leads to more freedom for the press and newer ideas and concepts were created in public life that differed from the monarchy political system in Iran. This difference is the core of this research and is called double consciousness .On the one hand, from the advent of the press to the end of the 13th solar century when Reza Shah involved in politics, fundamentally the press were a new phenomenon. On the other hand this phenomenon was supposed to work on political and social fields but it was not in accordance with individuals and public awareness. Consequently, this difference caused a contrast with the public awareness and opinions. In this framework, the main focus of this research is on how the press worked and the appearance of this kind of awareness in Iran’s history with a discovering approach until 1299 when Reza shah involved in politics.

Political stability is one of the most important issues in political science. Normally, this issue is the goal of many governments and their enforcement policies. Researchers know the elements like participation, Institutionalization, legitimacy, and development as the signs of political stability in every country. In Iran history, the first fundamental endeavor to resolve the political problems and create basic changes in the political structure of the country, begins by constitutional revolution. This revolution came to victory by the support of different social strata and castes. But the proceeding of events showed that the security and law did not stabilize and even caused a long period of ethnic conflicts, weakening of economic interests of different strata and significant political instabilities. Experts of political science have mentioned different social disparities such as the gap between religion and the government, the gap between generations, and the ethnic and racial gap as the main reasons of instabilities of this period. In order to investigate this problem, a question is asked: what was the relation between the political instability and the social gaps in the constitutional revolution period. Then this hypothesis is presented that numerous gaps, compressed composition of gaps, activation of gaps, and the identical nature of the gaps in the constitutional revolution period brought about the political instability situation. This research tries to investigate the ethnic and racial gap among the numerous gaps of this period by the analytical- explanatory approach and use the historical data

In recent years, media researchers in Iran have been studying the principle that news is the essence of mass communications, and by adopting this principle, the media which is always aware of their audiences’ needs, have prioritized this media product as the first important one The main assumption of these researches is to accept that the different generation of audiences do not change their tendency to consume and receive news. By questioning this principle, this research has been accepted, and its impacts have examined the tendency of three Tehrani young generations to compare influential elements specifically satisfaction on news consumption. For assessment, perception of utility variable, perception of ease and adaptation, influential variables on news sources, satisfaction with other life areas and receiving news habits, a retrospective quasi-panel approached has been used and examined. In this research, the statistical society consists of three generations of young people aged 15-24 in Tehran in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s from whom 401 data samples were collected using questionnaires and the tendency results of these three generations to receive news have been compared separately. Based on the result from this survey, there is a meaningful relation in the elements of utility perception to receive the news, ease and satisfaction perception in life areas by receiving news in the first generation. But the tendency of each generation to receive news has differed a lot from the last generations.

Shahnameh, written by Abu ʾl-Qasim Ferdowsi in the fourth century, is a great work in Iranian literature. This literary masterpiece includes myths, legends, and Iran history from the beginning to the conquest of Iran by Muslim Arabs. The relationship between religion and government (monarchy or kingdom) in Shahnameh, because of its importance in the modern era, is one of the favorite subjects of the new generation. In this paper, using Norman Fairclough's hermeneutics based on three levels of description, interpretation, and explanation, we investigated the relationship between religion and government in three mythological, heroic, and historical eras of Shahnameh. In this book, government has a uniform trend but religion affects this relationship with its ups and downs. Government as monarchy and kingdom has a simple structure but religion moves toward the complex structure over time and it transforms the relationship between religion and state. And over time, their simple relationship during the Keyumars, the first king, transforms into a complicated relationship in the end of Shahnameh. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between religion and state in Shahnameh according to three analytic levels of Fairclough and three parts of Shahnameh.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the independence of the newly established republics in 1991, as well as the formation of a new geopolitics in the South Caucasus, this region became one of the most important strategic regions in the world. Nevertheless, despite its geopolitical and geoeconomic importance. Outstanding, in terms of ethnic and territorial conflicts, political instability, lack of economic and social development, conflicting political tendencies and lack of regional cooperative security structure, the region has always faced security threats and challenges. Strategic and energy resources of the Caucasus have attracted the attention of regional and global actors and powers, and each of these actors, by using various tools and policies and influencing the security arrangements of the region, seeks to influence the region and advance goals. They have been their own foreign policy. Russia as the successor to the former Soviet Union and Turkey as an influential regional player with different historical, cultural, religious and racial ties with the nations living in the newly established republics based in this area, along with other regional and supra-regional actors. Among the actors who have played a prominent role in shaping the security arrangements in the South Caucasus. Discusses.

The main purpose of this article is to explain the strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran to ensure security by the armed forces. Since the security environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran, both internally and externally, is full of fundamental challenges and threats, as a result of the formation of the Islamic Revolution of Iran until now, the Armed Forces as the main component of security and confrontation They are influential. In this regard, the main question is what is the role of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in providing security? In response to this central hypothesis, it has been suggested that the armed forces play an important role in providing security by using belief components as well as strengthening defense capabilities. Findings show that belief components have been the main factor of the armed forces since the formation of the Islamic Revolution. Also, due to the insecure environment in which Iran is located, strengthening the missile capability and adopting deterrence as other pillars in providing security and countering infiltration has been effective. The type of research method in this dissertation is fundamental-theoretical with a historical approach and also based on library studies.

After the beginning of the Arab conquests and their arrival in Iran and the conquest of the regions, whether by peace or war, a contract was concluded with the people of those areas and the amount of tribute and tribute that the people were required to pay was specified in the treaty. . During the Rashidun caliphate, the general practice was for city dwellers to revolt after a peace treaty was signed. Examining the historical texts, it seems that the Iranian uprisings were more due to economic factors such as tax dissatisfaction, social factors, defending the identity and culture of Iran, opposition to the behavior of Arabs and discrimination between Arabs and non-Arabs than religious issues. Or even defending the Sassanid rule. These revolts existed throughout the caliphate of the Rashidun caliphs. The Iranians, who were in an identity crisis after the Arab invasions, did not relinquish Arab domination and raised the banner of opposition to the Muslims whenever they had the opportunity. In some cases, the opposition even provided a large force, such as the Qarn uprising in Qahistan against Muslim troops. Although in most of the uprisings, due to the lack of leadership in these uprisings and the consequent lack of coordination and planning, the Iranians did not go anywhere, but they narrowed the field to the invasions of the Muslim Arabs and there was always a serious obstacle in the way. They wanted it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons and motives

In the Islamic government, the right of guardianship and sovereignty over human beings, according to the definite rule of reason and narration, is only for Khazavand, and we find from verses and hadiths that God gives this right to the Prophet (PBUH) and the infallible Imams (AS) and through this to The Supreme Leader has delegated it, so the authority of the Infallible Imams (AS) has been delegated to the Supreme Leader as the Islamic ruler and he is in charge of the implementation of Islamic rules. Hudud is one of the most complete criminal laws of Islam in order to achieve social justice, and the Supreme Leader is in charge of enforcing its rulings in the cases of the rights of God and the rights of the people and other government violations. Despite extensive legal amendments to the Islamic Penal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure adopted in 1392 regarding children and juveniles, there are still objections in the field of limits, the type of punishment applicable and the prosecution of their crimes. In this article, with an analytical-descriptive approach, we answer the question whether the Supreme Leader has the authority to change the severe punishment against children and adolescents in the Islamic government?

Evaluating advertising effectiveness is one of the most important issues in the field of advertising. Therefore, businesses, companies and advertisers in general need to study the effectiveness of their advertisements and commercials to measure this issue. Bank Shahr and also the effect of commercial advertising on convincing (potential and actual) customers of Bank Shahr to use the bank's services. The research method was applied and correlational. The statistical population of the study included all customers of Bank Shahr that 384 people were selected as a sample size by simple random method and Cochran's formula. A questionnaire was used to collect data, the validity of which was confirmed by experts and the reliability of Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data, structural equation technique and PLS software were used. The results showed that Bank Shahr TV commercials have an effect on the level of customer awareness, honesty and fulfillment of promises, convincing customers and determining the most effective advertising from the customers' point of view.

Review :The right to a healthy environment has found its place in the human rights set as a fundamental right. Special attention to this right has led to the recognition of the capacities of civil, political, economic, cultural and social rights. The right to the environment Life as a part of life, the right to live by the standard, the right to health, the right to a healthy air, the right to interests and cultural characteristics are considered.Many international instruments, both binding and non-binding, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, explicitly and implicitly examine the right to the environment. In this article, we try to examine and recognize this right, which is also in line with the third generation of human beings.In this article, we try to examine and recognize this right, which is also in line with the third generation of human beings.

Terrorist financing is a major crime that can affect the economies of countries and has many effects and consequences at the community level. Terrorist financing is one of the forms of leadership in which there are special provisions in Iranian criminal law. Accordingly, in this descriptive study and the use of library resources, the study of how to deal with the financing of terrorism in Iran and international documents and the role of the media in its effectiveness was investigated. Therefore, in this study, how to deal with terrorist financing in Iran, ways of financing terrorism, how to deal with terrorist financing in Iran, law on combating terrorism financing and the problems, how to deal with terrorist financing in international documents, the role of media The effectiveness of countering the financing of terrorism and the requirements and requirements of the media in the fight against the financing of terrorism were examined. Studies have shown that the Islamic Republic of Iran, along with other countries, has criminalized the phenomenon of money laundering and financing of terrorism, has prepared the necessary laws and regulations and approved by the competent authorities, and the law on combating the financing of terrorism by parliament. The Islamic Council was approved. The results also showed that social media should recognize the political importance of the CTF by explicitly reflecting the priorities of the UN Security Council and the FATF in their policies, strategies and transparency reports.

In recent years, financial markets have faced many fluctuations and the uncertainty caused by these fluctuations has raised concerns among investors. Therefore, fluctuation modeling and its prediction in various research and practical financial issues, has been considered. (HAR) is listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, fluctuation modeling has been performed using abundant data and with the help of HAR-RV family models, and the effect of adding the jump component on the volatility prediction efficiency of the entire Tehran Stock Exchange index has been investigated. The statistical population of the study includes companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange in the period 1391 to 1398. Statistical sample Using purposive sampling method and applying the existing restrictions, 162 companies were selected as the statistical sample. In terms of applied research orientation, the present study is a mixed research approach (qualitative / quantitative) and the purpose of exploratory research. Based on the results, it can be said that if HAR models were not the best predictive model, it was not the worst, and since based on three criteria, its performance was the best, so it can be said that it was a good and suitable model for forecasting; Another is that both modeling based on GARCH and its competitor model, ie GARCH, both performed better on the assumption of normal distribution than on the student distribution assumption for error sentences.

Economic globalization has taken shape over the past five centuries. In fact, it has become a force for poverty alleviation that helps some developing countries to reduce their distance from developed countries. In addition, some concerns have been raised about the contradictory role of the world in the spread of poverty. For example, trade liberalization has affected various sectors of the economy, one of which is the important variables of poverty. An important part of Iran's poverty is related to urban areas. Given the importance of the issue of poverty, the effect of trade liberalization on Iran's urban poverty rate has been studied. . For this purpose, the self-explanatory model was estimated to investigate the factors affecting urban poverty in Iran in the period 1391 to 1398. Johansson's correction and co-correction patterns - In this study, Johansson-Josilius co-correction and correction patterns were used to obtain the relationships between the variables. According to the research findings, trade liberalization increases urban poverty in the short run and reduces it in the long run. . Therefore, policies and planning in the country should be such as to reduce the negative effects and threats of trade liberalization on urban poverty in Iran.

Intellectuals are considered as one of the most influential groups in the political and social developments of Iranian society. During the Qajar era, this group was able to play an important role in political-social developments, although they faced obstacles in this way. The main question of the article is that what was the role of the intellectuals of the first and second generation in the developments of Iran during the Qajar era? The main hypothesis is that in the developments of Iran in the Qajar era, the intellectuals were able to present themselves as one of the influential groups in the society by using the element of reason and trying to raise awareness among different masses of people. The main influential elements in the intellectual movements in this period, including the basic concepts of "conception of self and other, the question of degeneration and backwardness", "taking civilization from the West", "separation of religion from politics and public arena", "elitism", "The necessity of a powerful and commanding government" and "nationalism". Intellectuals in this period, as the reference groups of authoritarian modernism discourse and also the most effective strategic group of this period, have played a prominent role in the institutional and discursive formation of the first modern government in Iran. The type of research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library studies.

The application of the principle of minimalism shows that in dealing with anomalies, criminalization is the last resort and the choice of punishment always requires full justification. By reflecting on the crimes of Hadi, we find that the criminalization of such crimes has been made in the law by following Islam. Criminalization in its nature has limitations and prohibitions, and in this prohibition, it indicates the freedom of citizens, which is reduced by using the principle of minimalism. In Hadi criminalization, God has used the method of referring to human nature and has sought to prevent the occurrence of these crimes for Hadi crimes. In this thesis, after examining the ideas related to the principle of minimalism and the origin of this principle in terms of limits and knowing the principles and elements of justification, we will look at the manifestations of the principle of minimalism in limits and Islamic principles aligned with the principle of minimalism in the limit punishment and the solutions to align the limits with the principle of application of minimalism. the payment.

Today, banks try to reduce their risk in banking affairs by imposing conditions of negation of responsibility in two contractual and operational (non-contractual) formats. Among the various banking contracts, partnership contracts and especially mudarabah and civil partnership contracts, which unlike exchange contracts, the discussion of the responsibility of the facilitating bank is very important, include specific conditions resulting in non-responsibility. Partnership is one of the methods of financing economic activities approved by Islamic banking, based on its jurisprudence, it is formed from the mixing of partners' capital, and all partners have the right to intervene and monitor the economic activity and its management; Among the most basic concepts of the partnership contract is the distribution of profits and losses at the end of the economic activity or contract, in proportion to the capital of each partner. The obtained results show that in the field of profit and loss sharing, the necessity of the contract as well as its permission for the bank and the customer's requirement to buy the share of the bank's share are included in the contract. The type of research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the library method.

Property is respected in Islam, but the scope of this property is limited. The exercise of property rights is valid to the extent that it doesn't harm the rights of others. The owner always wants laws and regulations to be passed and enforced to guarantee and validate the property. But today we're witnessing the establishment of laws that restrict and sometimes deprive property rights. In addition, in terms of causing harm to individuals, at the community and government level, the interests of typical society take precedence over interests of individual, and in case of conflict, whenever interests of typical society demand; Individual interest will be limited. Meanwhile,no property can be taken out of the possession of its owner except with a religious and legal license and after determining and paying its fair price (Article 15 AH). And according to the rule of domination, no owner can be forced to transfer his property. But famous jurists and juristic believe that the rule of domination will not be applicable in case of conflict with the rule of no harm. In the interests of justice, the religious government in such cases will compensate damage to property owners and pay the price of the seized property at a fair price. Although, on the one hand, the protection of the public interest has priority, on the other hand,all people are responsible for social costs, and in the meantime, certain individuals or individuals shouldn't bear the burden of public costs and suffer losses.